| Change
of diffusion mechanism with lattice parameter in the series of
lanthanide
indides having L12 structure,
Gary S. Collins, Xia Jiang, John P. Bevington, Farida Selim and Matthew
O. Zacate, Physical Review
Letters 102, 155901 (2009). http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v102/e155901 Using
perturbed angular
correlation spectroscopy (PAC), jump frequencies of Cd tracer atoms
were
measured for 12 indides In3B (B= rare earth) in paired
samples having
compositions at each of the opposing phase boundaries.
Jump frequencies in heavy lanthanide indides
were observed to be smaller for In-richer compositions than for
In-poorer
compositions, but greater in the light lanthanide indides.
These findings signal an unmistakable change
in diffusion mechanism from the simple In-sublattice vacancy mechanism
for
heavy lanthanides to a B-vacancy mechanism for light lanthanides. |
| Jump frequencies of Cd tracer atoms in L12
lanthanide gallides, Xia Jiang, Matthew O.
Zacate and Gary S. Collins, Defect and
Diffusion Forum 289-292,
725 (2009). Presented at the Seventh
International Conference on Diffusion in Materials, Canary
Islands, October 28-31, 2008). Jump frequencies of Cd tracer atoms were measured in three lanthanide gallides having the L12 structure: DyGa3, ErGa3 and LuGa3. 111In/Cd impurity probe atoms were observed to occupy the non-cubic Ga-sites through the nuclear quadrupole interaction using the method of perturbed angular correlation of gamma rays (PAC). Measurements at elevated temperatures exhibited nuclear relaxation (damping) of quadrupolar perturbation functions attributed to diffusional jumps of the probes among orientationally inequivalent Ga-sites. Accurate values of jump frequencies were determined from fits of the measured perturbation functions using a model of stochastically fluctuating electric-field gradients, as in previous work [e.g., Matthew O. Zacate, Aurélie Favrot and Gary S. Collins: Physical Review Letters Vol. 92 (2004) p. 225901]. Arrhenius plots of jump frequencies for the three systems exhibited jump-frequency activation enthalpies in the range 0.86-1.05 eV and prefactors of about 2 THz. The activation enthalpy for ErGa3, 0.86(2) eV is compared with those for ErAl3, 1.40(4) eV, and ErIn3, 1.34(5) eV. |
| Motion of cadmium traver atoms in Al11R3
phases (R= La, Ce, Pr), Stephanie Lage and Gary S.
Collins, Defect and Diffusion Forum 289-292, 755 (2009).
Presented at the Seventh
International Conference on Diffusion in Materials, Canary
Islands, October 28-31, 2008). Jump frequencies of Cd tracer atoms were measured in three phases having the orthorhombic Al11R3 structure, with R= La, Ce, or Pr. The structure has four inequivalent Al-sites and two inequivalent R-sites. 111In/Cd tracer atoms were observed to occupy several sites via the nuclear quadrupole interaction using perturbed angular correlation of gamma rays (PAC). Time-domain PAC spectra became damped as the temperature increased, which is attributed to nuclear relaxation caused by diffusional jumps of Cd tracer atoms leading to changes in orientations and/or magnitudes of electric field gradients (EFG’s). Maximum relaxations were observed near 770 K. A method is proposed for estimating the mean jump frequency at that temperature, giving a mean jump frequency w averaged over all sites of about 100 MHz. At still higher temperatures, damping decreased due to motional averaging, and the quadrupole perturbations evolved into unique signals having lower frequencies and corresponding in each phase to the averages of EFG tensors of all sites visited by the Cd tracer atoms. For Al11La3, the jump frequency at 1073 K was estimated to be 1.9 GHz. Such jump frequencies imply unusually high diffusivities in these phases. |
| Site preferences if indium impurity atoms in
intermetallics having Al3Ti or Al3Zr crystal structures,
John P. Bevington, Farida Selim and Gary S. Collins, Hyperfine
Interactions 177,
numbers 1-3, June 2008.
DOI:10.1007/s10751-008-9615-y; International
Conference on Hyperfine Interactions, Iguassu Falls, Brazil, 5-10
August 2007. Site-fractions of indium impurity probe atoms occupying up to three inequivalent Al-sites in Al3Ti, Al3V and Al3Zr phases were measured using perturbed angular correlation of gamma rays (PAC). Sites were identified via characteristic nuclear quadrupole interactions. Ratios of site-fractions were measured in thermal equilibrium in the range 600 to 1210 K. Arrhenius plots of the ratios were fitted with thermally activated expressions, yielding differences in vibrational entropies and site-enthalpies. Enthalpy differences were greatest for Al3Zr, ~0.22 eV, and smaller for Al3Ti and Al3V, which is correlated with the excess volume of the transition-metal (TM) atom over the Al-atom. Vibrational entropy differences were small, in the range 0 to -0.25 kB. |
| Diffusion of 111Cd probes in Ga7Pt3
studied via nuclear quadrupole relaxation,
Farida Selim, John P. Bevington and Gary S. Collins, Hyperfine
Interactions 178,
numbers 1-3, July 2008.
DOI:10.1007/s10751-008-9663-3; International
Conference on Hyperfine Interactions, Iguassu Falls, Brazil, 5-10
August 2007. Diffusion of 111In/Cd impurity atoms was studied in Ga7Pt3 at the atomic level using the method of perturbed angular correlation of gamma rays (PAC). As in previous measurements on Ga7Pd3, probes were observed to occupy two inequivalent Ga-sublattices. Quadrupole interaction perturbation functions for each site exhibited damping at elevated temperatures that is attributed to nuclear relaxation caused by stochastic jumps of the probe atoms accompanied by reorientation of axes of the electric field gradient tensor. Fitted relaxation frequencies, proportional to mean jump frequencies of the probe, were thermally activated. Arrhenius plots revealed jump-frequency activation enthalpies of 0.94(8) and 0.67(4) eV for the two sites and frequency prefactors close to 1 THz. Results were similar to those found previously for Ga7Pd3, although jump frequencies are about 100 times lower in Ga7Pt3. |
| Simultaneous measurement of tracer jump
frequencies on different sublattices in Ga7Pd3 using PAC,
Egbert R. Nieuwenhuis, Matthew O. Zacate and Gary S. Collins, Defect
and Diffusion Forum 264,
27-32 (2007); International
Conference on Diffusion and Stresses, Lillafüred, Hungary, 19-22
September 2006.
Jump
frequencies of tracer atoms
in the intermetallic compound Ga7Pd3 were
determined
through observation of fluctuating nuclear quadrupole interactions
caused by
the jumps. Measurements were made for
111Cd
tracer atoms following decay of 111In using the method of perturbed
angular correlation of gamma rays (PAC). Tracers
were found to occupy two inequivalent Ga-sublattices, with
distinct quadrupole perturbation functions. The
two sublattices interpenetrate and long-range three-dimensional
diffusion
is possible on either sublattice via near-neighbor jumps.
Measurements at elevated temperature
exhibited damping of static quadrupole perturbation functions G2static
(t) that was fitted for
each signal using the approximation G2 (t)= exp(-wt) G2static (t), in which w is
the
jump frequency of the tracer. Arrhenius
plots of w for the two sites
exhibited thermal activation with activation enthalpies of 0.49(2) and
0.44(4)
eV and jump frequency prefactors close to 2 × 1011 Hz. Possible scenarios to interpret the results
in terms of underlying inter- and intra-sublattice jumps are discussed. |
|
Phases having compositional fields narrower than about 1 at.% and appearing as lines in binary phase diagrams often are assumed to have properties independent of composition. That such an assumption can be seriously in error is illustrated by recent measurements on pairs of samples prepared to have compositions at opposing phase boundaries. Two microscopic properties, lattice locations of highly dilute solutes and diffusional jump frequencies, were studied, respectively, through measurement of static and dynamic nuclear quadrupole interactions using the method of perturbed angular correlation of gamma rays (PAC). At opposing boundary compositions, PAC probe atoms have been observed to occupy different lattice sites or to have jump frequencies differing by a factor of 100. Such gross differences suggest measurements of other properties of line compounds should be made on pairs of samples having the opposing boundary compositions in order to avoid inconsistent or unreproducible results. |
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